How do people become good managers of their own health?

Within the general population some people actively focus on reaching and maintaining good health, while others are more passive about the whole thing. So what makes the difference?

Is learning to manage your health like learning a country's geography – where all you probably need are a list of facts and a good reference guide? Or, is it more like learning to swim – where facts and a reference guide would be of limited value? In this instance you need to acquire basic skills – like putting your face in the water and learning to float – but you must also practise to gain confidence before advancing to the next step.

Not surprisingly, as our new paper, Supporting people to manage their own health, reports, becoming a good manager of one's health is more like learning to swim: here too you must learn some basic skills, and gain confidence before you can start to take on all of the challenges. However, many health care providers currently treat the process more like a geography lesson; giving patients some key facts and a reference guide, rather than starting from the skills the individual has and helping them to gain further skills and confidence to progress.

More innovative health care systems are beginning to take into account how engaged people are in managing their own health and to help them move forward from this point. It is now possible to accurately assess 'where patients are' in terms of their knowledge, skill, and confidence for managing their health using the patient activation measure (PAM). This is a simple 10- or 13-item survey that people can answer themselves. It has a 0–100 score, indicating how engaged – or activated – an individual is – from being passive about their health to being very proactive.

The PAM is being used in clinical settings to: assess where patients are so that health care teams are better able to tailor care plans for that individual patient;  enable clinicians and providers to evaluate progress; and help them measure  when patients or whole patient populations are improving their ability to manage their health. This last point is important to help us assess the quality of care. If patients are getting high-quality health care, they should be getting better at managing their own health too. We can now measure this, and in doing so we will shine a light on this critical area of care, enabling us to know what is working, and which delivery systems and clinicians are effective in helping patients gain the skills and confidence for self-management.

Research shows that patients can make gains in their activation level, and these gains translate into more positive health behaviours and improved outcomes. More activated patients also have lower health care costs, largely because they are hospitalised less often and are less frequent users of the accident and emergency departments.

In health care we measure what matters. What the patient brings to the care process may be the most important element of all. By measuring patient activation, and using the information in the design of care, we can finally bring this missing element in the health care equation.

This blog is also featured on the British Medical Journal website.