An open and just environment
Staff should know that they are expected to 'do the right thing' even if that challenges the status quo. They should feel able to talk about, reflect on and challenge current practices without fear of personal repercussion. Organisations should adopt a non-punitive, learning approach to errors, and should instigate reflective mechanisms such as peer review. Staff need to be encouraged to use ‘trial and error’ and to experiment − without creating inappropriate risk for patients − with new ideas and ways of working.